Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Causes and When to Seek Medical Care

Published on March 6, 2026 at 7:56 PM

Read in: English |Nigerian Pidgin

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus (womb).

They are very common among women, especially during the reproductive years.

Many women with fibroids may not experience symptoms. However, in some cases fibroids can cause discomfort, heavy menstrual bleeding, or pressure in the lower abdomen.

Understanding the symptoms helps women recognize when medical evaluation may be needed.


What Causes Fibroids?

The exact cause of fibroids is not completely understood, but several factors are believed to play a role.

1️⃣ Hormonal Influence

Fibroids are influenced by hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

These hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and can stimulate fibroid growth.

Fibroids often shrink after menopause when hormone levels decrease.


2️⃣ Genetic Factors

Women with a family history of fibroids are more likely to develop them.

Genetic changes in uterine muscle cells may contribute to fibroid formation.


3️⃣ Age and Reproductive Years

Fibroids most commonly occur in women between the ages of 30 and 50.

They are less common before puberty and often shrink after menopause.


4️⃣ Other Contributing Factors

Certain factors may increase the risk of developing fibroids:

• African decent
• early onset of menstruation
• family history
• hormonal imbalance


Common Symptoms of Fibroids

Many women have fibroids without symptoms.

When symptoms occur, they may include:

• heavy menstrual bleeding
• prolonged menstrual periods
• pelvic pain or pressure
• lower back pain
• frequent urination
• difficulty emptying the bladder
• abdominal swelling or enlargement

In some cases, heavy bleeding from fibroids may contribute to anemia and fatigue.


When Should You See a Doctor?

Medical evaluation may be necessary if you experience:

• very heavy menstrual bleeding
• menstrual periods lasting more than 7 days
• severe pelvic pain
• difficulty passing urine
• persistent abdominal swelling

A doctor may perform an examination or imaging tests such as ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.


When Fibroids Require Urgent Medical Attention

Seek medical care urgently if you experience:

• extremely heavy bleeding causing weakness or dizziness
• severe sudden pelvic pain
• symptoms of anemia such as extreme fatigue or shortness of breath

Prompt medical evaluation helps prevent complications.


Final Advice

Fibroids are common and often manageable.

Many women live with fibroids without serious problems.

However, persistent symptoms such as heavy bleeding or pelvic pain should not be ignored.

Medical evaluation helps determine the best management options.


Medical References

• World Health Organization – Women’s Health Guidelines
• American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) – Uterine Fibroids
• National Institutes of Health – Uterine Fibroid Overview
• Peer-reviewed gynecology guidelines


Medical Disclaimer

This article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Always consult a qualified healthcare professional regarding medical concerns or persistent symptoms.