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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs.
The disease is caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
Although TB is treatable, it can become serious if not diagnosed early.
Understanding the symptoms and warning signs can help people seek medical care in time.
What Causes Tuberculosis?
Tuberculosis occurs when TB bacteria enter the body and begin to multiply.
The infection spreads mainly through the air.
1️⃣ Airborne Transmission
TB spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
Tiny droplets containing the bacteria can be inhaled by others nearby.
2️⃣ Latent TB Infection
Not everyone exposed to TB becomes sick immediately.
In some people the bacteria remain inactive in the body. This is called latent TB.
Latent TB does not cause symptoms but may become active later.
3️⃣ Weak Immune System
If the immune system becomes weak, latent TB can develop into active TB.
People with weakened immunity are more vulnerable.
4️⃣ Close Contact With Infected Individuals
Living or spending long periods with someone who has active TB increases the risk of infection.
Common Symptoms of Tuberculosis
TB symptoms often develop slowly and may include:
• persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
• fever
• night sweats
• fatigue or weakness
• unexplained weight loss
• chest pain
• coughing up blood in severe cases
Because symptoms develop gradually, people sometimes delay seeking medical care.
When Should You See a Doctor?
Medical evaluation is important if:
• cough lasts longer than two weeks
• fever persists
• night sweats occur frequently
• unexplained weight loss develops
• coughing up blood occurs
Doctors may perform tests such as chest X-ray or sputum examination to confirm the diagnosis.
Final Advice
Tuberculosis is a serious infection but it can be treated with proper medication.
Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent complications and reduce the spread of infection.
Anyone experiencing persistent cough or other concerning symptoms should seek medical evaluation.